Combating Childhood Obesity
The prevalence of overweight children under five years old exceeded 41 million globally in 2016, with significant numbers in Asia and Africa. This trend is alarming as overweight children are more likely to become obese adults, increasing their risk of developing non-communicable diseases (NCDs) like diabetes and cardiovascular diseases early in life. These conditions can lead to premature death and disability.
The link between childhood obesity and diabetes is well-established. Excess body fat, especially around the abdomen, can lead to insulin resistance, where the body's cells become less responsive to insulin. If not addressed early, this condition can progress to type 2 diabetes.
The primary cause of childhood obesity is an imbalance between calorie intake and expenditure. Global shifts in diet towards energy-dense, nutrient-poor foods and decreased physical activity levels are significant contributors. The World Health Organization (WHO) recognizes that childhood obesity stems from societal changes and prioritizes prevention. Prevention efforts should focus on promoting healthy lifestyles early in life.
Efforts to prevent and manage childhood obesity should focus on addressing these factors. Strategies include promoting healthy lifestyles, addressing mental health, supporting breastfeeding, and improving nutrition and physical activity. Gender-specific interventions targeting school-age children and young adolescents have shown improvements. Broadening interventions to target broader social determinants and the food environment is crucial. For example, taxing sugar-sweetened beverages and ultra-processed foods can help reduce consumption.
Diabetes educators play a crucial role in addressing childhood obesity by working with families to improve nutrition and physical activity. They can provide counselling on healthy shopping, cooking, and ways to incorporate physical activity into daily routines. Additionally, diabetes educators can connect families with community resources, such as food assistance programs or locations for physical activity, addressing barriers that may prevent healthier choices. They can also advocate for community health by educating decision-makers about supporting health initiatives, such as safe walking paths and access to nutritious foods.
In conclusion, childhood obesity is a complex issue with serious health consequences. Prevention efforts are particularly vital in LMICs where treatment strategies may be unaffordable. Combating childhood obesity requires a multi-sectoral approach involving individuals, families, communities, and educators. By working together, we can fight childhood obesity and ensure a healthier future for our children.
Author - Dr Navneet Agrawal, Chief Clinical Officer, BeatO
