Need For Innovation in Mosquito Vector Control In India
While the country has made strides in combating diseases like malaria and filariasis, there remains a critical need for innovation in mosquito vector control and surveillance. The lack of dedicated funding for innovation, coupled with limited mosquito scientists, poses a substantial hurdle. It is time for India to prioritize and invest in these crucial areas, particularly through the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), to lead the charge against vector-borne diseases.
The absence of a specific budget for innovation is a glaring issue. The ICMR, as the apex body governing medical research in India, holds the key to driving innovation. In 2010, ICMR had even established a `Vector Science Forum’, but now it is non-existent.
Over the past two decades, preventive measures, including vaccines and medications, have undoubtedly played a pivotal role. However, late diagnosis and outbreaks continue to challenge public health. Surveillance is imperative, and it is essential to evaluate the innovation landscape to ensure that the nation is equipped to address these challenges effectively.
Innovation in mosquito control cannot be limited to traditional methods. Insecticides and pesticides have dominated the scene for over 60 years, resulting in increased resistance among mosquitoes worldwide. The recent shift towards integrated vector management, encompassing larval source management, genetic modifications, and bioenvironmental control, is commendable. However, it is crucial to assess the impact and sustainability of these approaches.
The emergence of new, stronger vectors poses an additional challenge, as witnessed in the aftermath of the 2022 floods in Pakistan. Climate change-induced alterations in vector populations demand adaptable strategies. Genetic engineering, including sterile insect technology and gene-editing technologies like CRISPR-Cas9, presents promising avenues. However, regulatory frameworks for these innovations need clarity and streamlining.
The National Centre for Vector Borne Diseases Control (NCVBDC) primarily addresses six vector-borne diseases, malaria, Filaria, Kala-azar, Japanese Encephalitis, dengue, and chikungunya. Other diseases like Zika, West Nile Virus, Scrub Typhus, Kyasanur Forest Disease, and Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic fever also fall under the purview of NCVBDC. According to available resources, the annual budget of NCVBDC is estimated to be around 1400 to 1500 crores. National Health Mission (NHM) provides additional supportive funding of about 8 to 10%, resulting in a total budget ranging from 4200 to 4500 crores. Despite the significance of addressing vector-borne diseases, this sector only constitutes 10% of the NHM budget, amounting to 4000 crores.
Despite being allocated the said funds, the pertinent question remains: What tangible innovations have resulted as a result of them? India needs to channel its resources effectively, encouraging research, facilitating startup fests, and promoting sustainable products in the fight against mosquito-borne diseases. Investment in research and development is imperative to create sustainable solutions that address the evolving challenges posed by mosquito vectors.
Surveillance is the linchpin of effective vector control. In the digital era, information dissemination to relevant departments is critical. With the rise of thought-provoking responses in the field, India must harness the power of digital surveillance to stay ahead of the curve.
There is no doubt that India has the potential to be a global leader in mosquito vector control and surveillance. By fostering innovation, supporting research, and embracing sustainable methods, the nation can chart a course towards a future where mosquito-borne diseases are controlled effectively. The time to act is now, and the investment in these critical areas will undoubtedly yield a healthier, mosquito-resistant India.
