To enhance mental performance through dietary changes, first, we need to understand how the brain works. Our brain uses about 20% of the total oxygen circulating in the body and consumes more than 20 per cent of daily energy intake. Over 60% of the human brain is fat and contains 25% of the body's cholesterol.
Since the brain is such a resource hog, the foods we consume greatly affects brain function. Consumption of healthy fats provides structural material to maintain neurons. Omega-3 fatty acids are essential for the transmission of information between brain cells. On the other hand carbohydrates (especially sugars) cause oxidative inflammation that forms arterial plaques from fats and cholesterol. This happens when excess carbs are consumed along with fats which are typical of modern diets.
Since foods that are rich in sugars and saturated fats have been found to promote oxidative stress anything with a high amount of carbs is a strict no-no for a high mental performance diet. Sugary energy drinks might give you a momentary illusion of an energetic mind, but in the long term, they will reduce your mental performance.
The brain is also highly dependent on cholesterol and cholesterol metabolism and recycling in the brain is entirely fuelled by fats. In order to have a high performing brain, you need to consume copious amounts of healthy fats.
Most people would shriek at the thought of someone asking them to eat fat. After all, it seems so intuitive that FAT would make us FAT. However, if you start reading up on fat-loss science, you will understand why it is our hormones (and particularly insulin) that are key behind fat loss, not just calories, fat or cholesterol. Cholesterol is also important to produce hormones in the body like testosterone, estrogen, cortisol etc.
Following are the fundamental tenets of a diet that will help you transform your mind into a performance powerhouse (This is not prescriptive advice. Consult your physician/dietitian before implementing any dietary changes)
You should never implement a lot of dietary changes all at once. Most people have the tendency to go full throttle on a dietary regime and therefore end up seeing their bodies revolt to the new paradigm. Space out the changes in your dietary habits over a period of 3-4 weeks.
In order to naturally maximize your mental performance, you can craft a personalized week wise transition plan like the one shown below
The ultimate goal here is to allow your body to run on both carbs and fats and gradually increases the amount of reliance on fats. This paradigm is termed by some as the CEO Diet since it has been successfully adopted by a lot of high-performance CEOs and athletes.